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Butte County Office of Education
History / Social Science Standards Resource Guide
Grade Seven
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World History and Geography: Medieval
and Early Modern Times |
7.1
Students analyze the causes and effects of the vast expansion and
ultimate disintegration of the Roman Empire.
1. Study the early strengths and lasting
contributions of Rome (e.g., significance of Roman citizenship; rights
under Roman law; Roman art, architecture, engineering, and philosophy;
preservation and transmission of Christianity) and its ultimate
internal weaknesses (e.g. rise of autonomous military powers within
the empire, undermining of citizenship by the growth of corruption and
slavery, lack of education, and distribution of news).
2. Discuss the geographic borders of the empire at
its height and the factors that threatened its territorial cohesion.
3. Describe the establishment by Constantine of the
new capital in Constantinople and the development of the Byzantine
Empire, with an emphasis on the consequences of the development of two
distinct European civilizations, Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic,
and their two distinct views on church-state relations.
7.2
Students analyze the geographic, political, economic, religious, and
social structures of the civilizations of Islam in the Middle Ages.
1. Identify the physical features and describe the climate
of the Arabian peninsula, its relationship to surrounding bodies of
land and water, and nomadic and sedentary ways of life.
2. Trace the origins of Islam and the life and
teachings of Mohammad, including Islamic teachers on the connection
with Judaism and Christianity.
3. Explain the significance of the Qur'an and the
Sumah as the primary sources of Islamic beliefs, practice, and law, an
their influence in Muslims' daily life.
4. Discuss the expansion of Muslim rule through
military conquests and treaties, emphasizing the cultural blending
within Muslim civilization and the spread and acceptance of Islam and
the Arabic language.
5. Describe the growth of cities and the
establishment of trade routes among Asia, Africa, and Europe, the
products and inventions that traveled along these routes (e.g.,
spices, textiles, paper, steel, new crops), and the role of merchants
in Arab society.
6. Understand the intellectual exchanges among Muslim
scholars of Eurasia and Africa and the contributions Muslim scholars
made to later civilizations in the areas of science, geography,
mathematics, philosophy, medicine, art and literature.
7.3
Students analyze the geographic, political, economic, religious, and
social structures of the civilizations of China in the Middle Ages.
1. Describe the reunification of China under the Tang
Dynasty and reasons for the spread of Buddhism in Tang China, Korea,
and Japan.
2. Describe agricultural, technological, and
commercial developments during the Tang and Sung periods.
3. Analyze the influences of Confucianism and changes
in Confucian thought during the Sung and Mongol periods.
4. Understand the importance of both overland trade
and maritime expeditions between China and other civilizations in the
Mongol Ascendancy and Ming Dynasty.
5. Trace the historic influence of such
discoveries as tea, the manufacture of paper, wood-blocking printing,
the compass, and gunpowder.
6. Describe the development of the imperial
state and the scholar-official
class.
7.4
Students analyze the geographic, political, economic, religious, and
social structures of the sub-Saharan civilizations of Ghana and Mali
in Medieval Africa.
1. Study the Niger River and the relationship of
vegetation zones of forest, savannah, and desert to trade in gold,
salt, food, and slaves; and the growth of the Ghana and Mali empires.
2. Analyze the importance of family, labor
specialization, and regional commerce in the development of states and
cities in West Africa.
3. Describe the role of the trans-Saharan caravan trade
in the changing religious and cultural characteristics of West Africa
and the influence of Islamic beliefs, ethics, and law.
4. Trace the growth of the Arabic language in government,
trade, and Islamic scholarship in West Africa.
5. Describe the importance of written and oral
traditions in the transmission of African history and culture.
7.5
Students analyze the geographic, political, economic, religious, and
social structures of the civilizations of Medieval Japan.
1. Describe the significance of Japan's proximity to
China and Korea and the intellectual, linguistic, religious, and
philosophical influence of those countries in Japan.
2. Discuss the reign of Prince Shotoku of Japan and the
characteristics of Japanese society and family life during his reign.
3. Describe the values, social customs, and
traditions prescribed by the lord-vassal system consisting of shogun,
daimyo, and samurai and the lasting influence of the warrior code in
the twentieth century.
4. Trace the development of distinctive forms of
Japanese Buddhism.
5. Study the ninth and tenth centuries' golden age
of literature, art, and drama and its lasting effects on culture
today, including Murasaki Shikibu's Tale of Genji.
6. Analyze the rise of a military society in the late
twelfth century and the role of the samurai in that society.
7.6
Students analyze the geographic, political, economic, religious, and
social structures of the civilizations of Medieval Europe.
1. Study the geography of the Europe and the Eurasian
land mass, including its location, topography, waterways, vegetation,
and climate and their relationship to ways of life in Medieval Europe.
2. Describe the spread of Christianity north of the Alps
and the roles played by the early church and by monasteries in its
diffusion after the fall of the western half of the Roman Empire.
3. Understand the development of Feudalism, its role in
the medieval European economy, the way in which it was influenced by
physical geography (the role of the manor and the growth of towns),
and how feudal relationships provided the foundation of political
order.
4. Demonstrate an understanding of the conflict and
cooperation between the Papacy and European monarchs (e.g.,
Charlemagne, Gregory VII, Emperor Henry IV).
5. Know the significance of developments in
medieval English legal and constitutional practices and their
importance in the rise of modern democratic thought and representative
institutions (e.g., Magna Carta, parliament, development of habeas
corpus, an independent judiciary in English).
6. Discuss the causes and course of the religious
Crusades and their on the Christian, Muslim, and Jewish populations in
Europe, with emphasis on the increasing contact by Europeans with
cultures of the Eastern Mediterranean world.
7. Map the spread of the bubonic plague from central
Asia to China, the Middle East, and Europe and describe its impact on
global population.
8. Understand the importance of Catholic Church as
a political, intellectual, and aesthetic institution (e.g., founding
of universities, political and spiritual roles of the clergy, creation
of monastic and mendicant religious orders, preservation of the Latin
language and religious texts, St. Thomas Aquinas's synthesis of
classical philosophy with Christian theology, and the concept of
"natural law").
9. Know the history of the decline of Muslim rule
in the Iberian Peninsula that culminated in the Reconquista and the
rise of Spanish and Portuguese kingdoms.
7.7
Students compare and contrast the geographic, political, economic,
religious, and social structures of the Meso-American and Andean
civilizations.
1. Study the locations, landforms, and climates of
Mexico, Central America, and South America and their effects on Mayan,
Aztec, and Incan economies, trade, and development of urban societies.
2. Study the roles of people in each society, including
class structures, family life, warfare, religious beliefs and
practices, and slavery.
3. Explain how and where each empire arose and how the
Aztec and Incan empires were defeated by the Spanish.
4. Describe the artistic and oral traditions and
architecture in the three civilizations.
5. Describe the Meso-American achievements in
astronomy and mathematics, including the development of the calendar
and the Meso-American knowledge of seasonal changes to the
civilizations' agricultural systems.
7.8
Students analyze the origins, accomplishments, and geographic
diffusion of the Renaissance.
1. Describe the way in which the revival of classical
learning and the arts fostered a new interest in humanism (i.e., a
balance between intellect and religious faith).
2. Explain the importance of Florence in the early
stages of the Renaissance and the growth of independent trading cities
(e.g., Venice), with emphasis on the cities' importance in the spread
of Renaissance ideas.
3. Understand the effects of the reopening of the
ancient "Silk Road" between Europe and China, including Marco Polo's
travels and the location of this routes.
4. Describe the growth and effects of new ways of
disseminating information (e.g., the ability to manufacture paper,
translation of the Bible into the vernacular, printing).
5. Detail advances made in literature, the
arts, science, mathematics, cartography, engineering, and the
understanding of human anatomy and astronomy (e.g., by Dante
Alighieri, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo de Buonarroti Simoni,
Johann Gutenberg, William Shakespeare).
7.9 Students
analyze the historical development of Reformation.
1. List the causes for the internal turmoil in and
weakening of the Catholic Church (e.g., tax policies, selling of
indulgences).
2. Describe the theological, political, and economic
ideas of the major figures during the Reformation (e.g., Desiderius
Erasmus, Martin Luther, John Calvin, William Tyndale).
3. Explain Protestants' new practices of self-government
and the influence of those practices on the development of democratic
practices and ideas of federalism.
4. Identify and locate the European regions that
remained Catholic and those that became protestant and explain how the
division affected the distribution of religions in the New World.
5. Analyze how the Counter-Reformation revitalized the
Catholic Church and the forces that fostered the movement (e.g., St.
Ignatius of Loyola and the Jesuits, the Council of Trent).
6. Understand the institution and impact of
missionaries on Christianity and the diffusion of Christianity from
Europe to other parts of the world in the medieval and early modern
periods; locate missions on a world map.
7. Describe the Golden Age of cooperation
between Jews and Muslims in medieval Spain that promoted creativity in
art, literature, and science, including how that cooperation was
terminated by the religious persecution of individuals and groups
(e.g., the Spanish Inquisition and the expansion of Jews and Muslims
from Spain in 1492).
7.10 Students
analyze the historical developments of the Scientific Revolution and
its lasting effect on religious, political, and cultural institutions.
1. Discuss the roots of the Scientific Revolution (e.g.,
Greek rationalism, Jewish, Christian, and Muslim science; renaissance
humanism; new knowledge from global exploration).
2. Understand the significance of the new scientific
theories (e.g., those of Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler, Newton) and the
significance of new inventions (e.g., the telescope, microscope,
thermometer, barometer).
3. Understand the scientific method advanced by Bacon
and Descartes, the influence of new scientific rationalism on the
growth of democratic ideas, and the coexistence of science with
traditional religious beliefs.
7.11
Students analyze political and economic change in the sixteenth,
seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries (the Age of exploration, the
Enlightenment, and the Age of Reason).
1. Know the great voyages of discovery, the locations of
the routes, and the influence of cartography in development of a new
European worldview.
2. Discuss the exchanges of plants, animals, technology,
culture, and ideas among Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Americas in the
fifteenth and sixteenth centuries and the major economic and social
effects on each continent.
3. Examine the origins of modern capitalism; the
influence of mercantilism and cottage industry; the elements and
importance of a market economy in seventeenth century Europe; the
changing international trading and marketing patterns, including their
locations on a world map; and the influence of explorers and map
makers.
4. Explain how the main ideas of the Enlightenment can
be traced back to such movements as the Renaissance, the Reformation,
and the Scientific Revolution and to the Greeks, Romans, and
Christianity.
5. Describe how democratic thought and institutions were
influenced by Enlightenment thinkers (e.g., John Locke, Charles-Louis
Montesquieu, American founders).
6. Discuss how the principles in the Magna Carta were
embodied in such documents as the English Bill of Rights and the
American Declaration of Independence.
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Butte County Office of Education