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Butte County Office of Education
History / Social Science Standards Resource Guide
Grade Six
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World History and Geography: Ancient
Civilizations |
6.1
Students describe what is known through archaeological studies of
the early physical and cultural development of humankind from the
Paleolithic era to the agricultural revolution.
1. Describe the hunter-gatherer societies, including
the development of tools and the use of fire.
2. Identify the locations of human communities that populated
the major regions of the world and describe how humans adapted to a
variety of environments.
3. Discuss the climatic changes and human modifications
of the physical environment that gave rise to the domestication of
plants and animals and new sources of clothing and shelter.
6.2
Students analyze the geographic, political, economic, religious, and
social structures of the early civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt,
and Kush.
1. Locate and describe the major river systems and discuss the
physical settings that supported permanent settlement and early
civilizations.
2. Trace the development of agricultural techniques that
permitted the production of economic surplus and the emergence of
cities as centers of culture and power.
3. Understand the relationship between religion and the
social and political order in Mesopotamia and Egypt.
4. Know the significance of Hammurabi's Code.
5. Discuss the main features of Egyptian art and architecture.
6. Describe the role of Egyptian trade in the eastern
Mediterranean and Nile Valley.
7. Understand the significance of Queen Hatshepsut and
Ramses the Great.
8. Identify the location of the Kush civilization and describe
its political, commercial, and cultural relations with Egypt.
9. Trace the evolution of language and its written forms.
6.3 Students analyze the geographic,
political, economic, religious, and social structures of the Ancient
Hebrews.
1. Describe the origins and significance of Judaism as
the first monotheistic religion based on the concept of one God who
sets down moral laws for humanity.
2. Identify the sources of the ethical teachings and central
beliefs of Judaism (the Hebrew Bible, the Commentaries): belief in
God, observance of law, practice of the concepts of righteousness and
justice, and importance of study; and describe how the ideas of the
Hebrew traditions are reflected in the moral and ethical traditions of
western civilization.
3. Explain the significance of Abraham, Moses, Naomi,
Ruth, David, and Yohanan ben Zaccai in the development of the Jewish
religion.
4. Discuss the locations of the settlements and movements
of Hebrew peoples, including the Exodus and their movement to and from
Egypt, and outline the significance of the Exodus to the Jewish and
other people.
5. Discuss how Judaism survived and developed despite the
continuing dispersion of much of the Jewish population from Jerusalem
and the rest of Israel after destruction of the second Temple in A.D.
70.
6.4 Students analyze the geographic,
political, economic, religious, and social structures of the early
civilizations of Ancient Greece.
1. Discuss the connections between
geography and the development of city-states in the region of the
Aegean Sea, including patterns of trade and commerce among Greek
city-states and within the wider Mediterranean region.
2. Trace the transition from tyranny and oligarchy to early
democratic forms of government and back to dictatorship in ancient
Greece, including the significance of the invention of the idea of
citizenship (e.g., from Pericles' funeral Oration).
3. State the key differences between Athenian, or direct,
democracy and representative democracy.
4. Explain the significance of Greek mythology to the
everyday life of people in the region and how Greek literature
continues to permeate our literature and language today, drawing from
Greek mythology and epics, such as Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, and from
Aesop's Fables.
5. Outline the founding, expansion, and political
organization of the Persian Empire.
6. Compare and contrast life in Athens and Sparta, with
emphasis on their roles in the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars.
7. Trace the rise of Alexander the Great the the spread of
Greek culture eastward and into Egypt.
8. Describe the enduring contributions of important Greek
figures in the arts and sciences (e.g., Hypatia, Socrates, Plato,
Aristotle, Euclid, Thucydides).
6.5 Students analyze the geographic,
political, economic, religious, and social structures of the early
civilizations of India.
1. Locate and describe the major river system and discuss
the physical setting that supported the rise of this civilization.
2. Discuss the significance of the Aryan invasions.
3. Explain the major beliefs and practices of Brahmanism
in India and how they evolved into early Hinduism.
4. Outline the social structure of the caste system.
5. Know the life and moral teachings of Buddha and how
Buddhism spread in India, Ceylon, and Central Asia.
6. Describe the growth of the Maurya empire and the
political and moral achievements of the emperor Asoka.
7. Discuss important aesthetic and intellectual
traditions (e.g., Sanskrit literature, including the Bhagavad Gits;
medicine; metallurgy; and mathematics, including Hindu-Arabic numerals
and the zero).
6.6 Students analyze the geographic,
political, economic, religious, and social structures of the early
civilizations of China.
1. Locate and describe the origins of Chinese civilization
in the Huang-He Valley during the Shang Dynasty.
2. Explain the geographic features of China that made
governance and the spread of ideas and good difficult and served to
isolate the country from the rest of the world.
3. Know about the life of Confucius and the fundamental
teachings of Confucianism and Taoism.
4. Identify the political and cultural problems prevalent
in the time of Confucius and how he sought to solve them.
5. List the policies and achievements of the emperor Shi
Huangdi in unifying northern China under the Qin Dynasty.
6. Detail the political contributions of the Han Dynasty
to the development of the imperial bureaucratic state and the
expansion of the empire.
7. Cite the significance of the trans-Eurasian "silk
roads" in the period of the Han Dynasty and Roman Empire and their
locations.
8. Describe the diffusion of Buddhism northward to China
during the Han Dynasty.
6.7
Students analyze the geographic, political, economic, religious, and
social structures during the development of Rome.
1. Identify the location and describe the rise of the
Roman Republic, including the importance of such mythical and
historical figures as Aeneas, Romulus and Remus, Cincinnatus, Julius
Caesar, and Cicero.
2. Describe the government of the Roman Republic and its
significance (e.g., written constitution and tripartite government,
checks and balances, civic duty).
3. Identify the location of and the political and
geographic reasons for the growth of Roman territories and expansion
of the empire, including how the empire fostered economic growth
through the use of currency and trade routes.
4. Discuss the influence of Julius Caesar and
Augustus in Rome's transition from republic to empire.
5. Trace the migration of Jews around the
Mediterranean region and the effects of their conflict with the
Romans, including the Romans' restrictions on their right to live in
Jerusalem.
6. Note the origins of Christianity in the Jewish
Messianic prophecies, the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as
described in the New Testament, and the contribution of St. Paul the
Apostle to the definition and spread of Christian beliefs (e.g.,
belief in the Trinity, resurrection, salvation).
7. Describe the circumstances that led to the spread
of Christianity in Europe and other Roman territories.
8. Discuss the legacies of Roman art and
architecture, technology and science, literature, language, and law.
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Butte County Office of Education